PRD is a non-local theory that allows fields to depend on space, time and an invariant evolution parameter. mechanics, and with certain restrictions, also in quantum mechanics. Whereas there is a precise definition of entanglement for two. Other symmetries, such as the invariance (i.e., unchanging form) of the laws. A local theory does not allow the existence of greater than light speed correlations, while a non-local theory does. Quantum magnetism describes systems of magnetic spins in which quantum mechanical effects dominate, often in surprising ways. A topological insulator is an insulator for the same reason a 'trivial' (ordinary) insulator is: there exists an energy gap. Locality and non-locality refer to the correlation of particles with space-like separation. A topological insulator is a material whose interior behaves as an electrical insulator while its surface behaves as an electrical conductor, 3 meaning that electrons can only move along the surface of the material. Manifestly covariant quantum theory with invariant evolution parameter is a parametrized relativistic dynamical theory. 1 Modern theories describe physical forces in. The word gauge means a measurement, a thickness, an in-between distance (as in railroad tracks ), or a resulting number of units per certain parameter (a number of loops in an inch of fabric or a number of lead balls in a pound of ammunition ). The anomalies include neutrino oscillations, non-locality, and gravity.The two key QFT assumptions that are altered in PRD are the following: fields depend on space and time and interactions between fields are local. A gauge theory is a type of theory in physics. Despite its record of success, some phenomena are anomalies that may require a modification of the Standard Model. QFT has been very successful at explaining physical observations and is the basis of the conventional paradigm, which includes the Standard Model of electroweak and strong interactions. The study of parameterized relativistic dynamics (PRD) helps us understand the consequences of changing key assumptions of quantum field theory (QFT). (2011).Manifestly covariant quantum theory with invariant evolution parameter is a parametrized relativistic dynamical theory. Thin films of magnetically doped topological insulator with carrier-independent long-range ferromagnetic order. Dirac-fermion-mediated ferromagnetism in a topological insulator. G., Ye, J., Onose, Y., Iwasa, Y., & Tokura, Y. Physical Review Letters, 106, 097201.Ĭheckelsky, J. Electrically controllable surface magnetism on the surface of topological insulators. Magnetic impurities on the surface of a topological insulator. In a scale-invariant theory, the strength of particle interactions. Tailoring magnetic doping in the topological insulator Bi \(_2\)Se \(_3\). In quantum field theory, scale invariance has an interpretation in terms of particle physics. Topological character and magnetism of the Dirac state in Mn-doped Bi \(_2\)Te \(_3\). Surface magnetic ordering in topological insulators with bulk magnetic dopants. Impurity-induced states on the surface of three-dimensional topological insulators. Axial-anomaly-induced fermion fractionization and effective gauge-theory actions in odd-dimensional space-times. Model for a quantum Hall effect without Landau levels: Condensed-matter realization of the “Parity anomaly. Quantum anomalous Hall effect in Hg \(_\)Sb \(_x\)) \(_2\)Te \(_3\) ternary topological insulators. Topological field theory of time-reversal invariant insulators. Topological quantization of the spin Hall effect in two-dimensional paramagnetic semiconductors. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, 392, 45. Quantal phase factors accompanying adiabatic changes. Topological invariant and the quantization of the Hall conductance. Quantized Hall conductance in a two-dimensional periodic potential. One dimensional quantum mechanics problems, namely the infinite potential well, the harmonic oscillator, the free particle, the Dirac delta potential. On a new action of the magnet on electric currents. New method for high-accuracy determination of the fine-structure constant based on quantized hall resistance. Journal of the Physical Society of Japan, 82, 102001. Review of Modern Physics, 83, 1057.Īndo, Y. Topological insulators and superconductors.
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